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A to Z of Bonsai Terms

Welcome to the A to Z of Bonsai.

We are compiling a worldwide A to Z of Bonsai database. The A to Z is written collaboratively by the people who use it and we would like to encourage anyone reading this page to contribute to what has become the worlds greatest encyclopedia of bonsai terms. Entries when they are made will be added to an editable list which will be checked prior to publication. Photos and images of the bonsai term can be added and links made to relevant web pages.

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Letter - 37 entries

Raceme

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Raceme Tree Parts  Update this bonsai term Raceme Tree Parts
Chinese_Wisteria.jpg image ME>RACEME - A type of ELONGATED flower with individual stalks growing from a single stem e.g wisteria


Bonsai Videos
Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Raffia

 - (Tool)  
Entry for Bonsai Raffia Tool   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Raffia Tool
bonsai_raffia_01.jpg image RAFFIA - Made of strips of BARK from the raphia palm, this is soaked and wrapped arround a section of tree which requires significant bending, to protect it from splitting and from damage by the wire
Thanks to - Kaizen Bonsai for use of the image

Rake

 - (Tool)  
Entry for Bonsai Rake Tool  Update this bonsai term Rake Tool
bonsai_rake_02.jpg image RAKE - Small rake used in BONSAI>BONSAI>BONSAI for clearing soilaround NEBARI or tree ROOTS (during REPOTTING). Usually combined with either TWEEZERS or a SPATULA at the other end of the tool.



Ramification

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Ramification Tree Parts   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Ramification Tree Parts
bonsai_ramification_01.jpg image RAMIFICATION - Ramification MEans branching or branch development that displays TAPER, resulting in a tracery of fine branches at the extremities of the branches. It is encouraged by PRUNING and may be integrated with practices that promote leaf reduction  


Thanks to - bonsai4me.com for use of the image

Red spider mite

 - (Pests and Diseases)  
Entry for Bonsai Red spider mite Pests and Diseases  Update this bonsai term Red spider mite Pests and Diseases

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Red SPIDER MITE - There are two types : the FRUIT tree RED SPIDER MITE on broad-leaved trees and the CONIFER spinning mite on conifers. Indications of infection are an unhealthy browning of the foliage accompanied by a silky webbing. Tiny spider-like mites may also be seen on leaf undersides. These can cause serious damage and should be sprayed with INSECTICIDE - ideally MALATHION or DERRIS.  Alternative type is the Glasshouse Red Spider Mite or  "Web-forming Tetranychus".



Red Spot Disease

 - (Pests and Diseases)  
Entry for Bonsai Red Spot Disease Pests and Diseases  Update this bonsai term Red Spot Disease Pests and Diseases

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RED SPOT DISEASE - This is a disease of maples which is triggered by a fungal attack causing brilliant red "pimples" to appear on the BARK. Initially the bark, and then the whole branch dies back. The only known treatMEnt is to prune back to healthy wood.

Reduction building

 - (Procedure)  
Entry for Bonsai Reduction building Procedure  Update this bonsai term Reduction building Procedure

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bonsai dictionary
REDUCTION BUILDING - This process uses accelerated growth techniques and massive foliage and branch reduction, followed by strong re-growth, more moderate reduction and training (primARILy by training).  It is used to produce larger trunks with character and TAPER, particularly in TROPICAL regions but may be applied in temperate regions to SPECIES like aZAleas.



Redwood - California (Sequoia sempervirens)

 - (Tree Type (Outdoors))  
Entry for Bonsai Redwood - California (Sequoia sempervirens) Tree Type (Outdoors)   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Redwood - California (Sequoia sempervirens) Tree Type (Outdoors)
bonsai_californian_redwood_01.JPG image REDWOOD - CALIFORNIA (SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS) - Very tall EVERGREEN CONIFER with a COLUMNAR outline and drooping lower branches. It has attractive, red/brown fibrous BARK and flattened, NEEDLE-like LEAVES which are mid-green and curved on main SHOOTS and dark green, flat and narrow on lateral ones.

STYLE : Ideal for formal and informal upright, slanting and group styles.

WARNING : Branches tend to resuME upward growth after freeing from any WIRING.


 Bonsai_Redwood - California (Sequoia sempervirens) Tree Type (Outdoors) Bonsai More
Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Reniform (leaf)

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Reniform (leaf) Tree Parts   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Reniform (leaf) Tree Parts
Bonsai-Leaf-Shape.gif image RENIFORM (LEAF) - Kidney SHAPEd with stem attached at concave edge.


Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Repotting

 - (Procedure)  
Entry for Bonsai Repotting Procedure   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Repotting Procedure
Repotting-Bonsai.jpg image REPOTTING - The ROOTS of potted trees are limited by the size of their container as to how far they can spread. After a period of tiME which varies dependant on the SPECIES of tree, the root systems of all pot-grown trees fill their containers, eventually becoming 'POT BOUND' and in some cases they begin to push the tree out of the pot.

When this happens the fine FEEDER ROOTS that are essential to the uptake of water and nutrients have little room to grow, are far away from the main TRUNK OF THE TREE, the soil structure deteriorates and the plant starts to suffer. At this point repotting is required to allow fresh COMPOST/potting medium/substrate to be inserted in and around the root system and the root sytem itself may require CUTTING>CUTTING back so that it can continue to form fine feeder roots closer to the trunk.


 Bonsai_Repotting Procedure Bonsai More
Thanks to - Kenny Middleton for use of the image

Respiration

 - (Other)  
Entry for Bonsai Respiration Other  Update this bonsai term Respiration Other

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bonsai dictionary
RESPIRATION - The breathing action of a plant. The process involves the exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere with carbon dioxide which is released during the conversion of store foods into plant energy.  In effect the reverse of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.



Reticulate leaf

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Reticulate leaf Tree Parts   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Reticulate leaf Tree Parts
bonsai_reticulate_leaf_01.jpg image RETICULATE LEAF - Leaf with a complex surface pattern, usually created by a network of veins.
Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Reverse osmosis

 - (Pests and Diseases)  
Entry for Bonsai Reverse osmosis Pests and Diseases  Update this bonsai term Reverse osmosis Pests and Diseases

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bonsai dictionary
OSMOSIS>REVERSE OSMOSIS - The passage of water from the ROOTS into the soil. This is often caused by an excessive concentration of fertilizer in the soil and can result in browning of foliage and , in extreME, untreated cases, the death of the tree.

Rhizome

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Rhizome Tree Parts   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Rhizome Tree Parts
bonsai_rhizome_01.jpg image ME>RHIZOME - This is a  continuously growing horizontal underground stem which puts out lateral SHOOTS and ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS at intervals.

Well known plants with an underground rhizome system include ginger and bamboo.


Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Rhododendron (Azalea)

 - (Tree Type (Outdoors))  
Entry for Bonsai Rhododendron (Azalea) Tree Type (Outdoors)   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Rhododendron (Azalea) Tree Type (Outdoors)
bonsai_azalea_03.jpg image Rhododendron (AZAlea) - See AZALEA (RHODODENDRON) .
Thanks to - SBA Gallery for use of the image

Rhomboid (leaf)

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Rhomboid (leaf) Tree Parts   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Rhomboid (leaf) Tree Parts
Bonsai-Leaf-Shape.gif image RHOMBOID (LEAF) - Diamond SHAPEd.


Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Rib (leaf)

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Rib (leaf) Tree Parts  Update this bonsai term Rib (leaf) Tree Parts

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bonsai dictionary
RIB (LEAF) - The main prominent vein in a leaf



Ring barking

 - (Procedure)  
Entry for Bonsai Ring barking Procedure   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Ring barking Procedure
bonsai_ring_barking_01.jpg image BARKING>RING BARKING - Also referred to as "GIRDLING". The removal of a band of bark (which can vary in width) from all around the trunk of a tree or branch when air-LAYERING or trying to encourage new ROOTS to form.
Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Rising Sun Bonsai

 - (Dealer)  
Entry for Bonsai Rising Sun Bonsai Dealer  Update this bonsai term Rising Sun Bonsai Dealer

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bonsai dictionary
BONSAI>BONSAI>BONSAI>RISING SUN BONSAI - Expert advice and support provided by Robert Porch, a long-standing BONSAIST based in the Glasgow area.

Offers : Demonstrations and workshops.  Styles and semi-styled bonsai.  Nursery stock, accent plants and MaME pots.

email : robertporch@fsmail.net

Phone (evenings) 0141 5633806

Mobile : 07882482901



River sand

 - (Growing Medium)  
Entry for Bonsai River sand Growing Medium  Update this bonsai term River sand Growing Medium

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RIVER SAND - Usually a clean white sand with MEdium size particles, sometimes suggested as an ingredient in BONSAI>BONSAI>BONSAI soil mix in order to promote DRAINAGE. To the extent that "organic" components are minimised the risk of soil borne insect and disease problems is also reduced. It is one of many ingredients suggested for a beneficial GROWING MEDIUM, the balance of which will be determined by plant type and local climatic conditions.



Ronin Bonsai

 - (Blogs and Advice)  
Entry for Bonsai Ronin Bonsai Blogs and Advice   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Ronin Bonsai Blogs and Advice
bonsai_ray_coulombe_01.JPG image BONSAI>BONSAI>BONSAI>RONIN BONSAI - Ray Coulombe of Carlisle UK has been into bonsai for about 25 years. He is known as a Willowbogger as he visits and help out at WILLOWBOG BONSAI in the North Of England. He hosts an open night every Monday night when friends coME and work with trees, drink tea and coffee and have a good natter.

Root Aphid

 - (Pot)  
Entry for Bonsai Root Aphid Pot   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Root Aphid Pot
bonsai_root_aphid_01.jpg image ROOT APHID - Root APHIDS appear as a white woolly deposit and feed on the ROOTS.  Because they are hidden under the soil their presence is not always evident.  Severe infestations can weaken the tree leading to pale or yellowing foliage and weak branching.

They may be spotted during REPOTTING and should not be confused with MYCELIUM which tends to be greyer and coarser wheras the root aphid is a bright white colour.  One MEthod of identification is to examine under pot in the dark using a torch as the aphid often LEAVES the pot and stays under it in the dark, returning in the light.

Treatment is by two successive immersions in PROVADO solution a couple of weeks apart - the first to kill the aphids and the second to kill the aphids which have hatched since the first immersion.


Thanks to - By Joseph Dupuich on Bonsai Tonight for use of the image

Root burn

 - (Pests and Diseases)  
Entry for Bonsai Root burn Pests and Diseases  Update this bonsai term Root burn Pests and Diseases

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ROOT BURN - The effect on the ROOTS of OSMOSIS>REVERSE OSMOSIS caused by over-feeding with a rich fertilizer.

Root graft

 - (Procedure)  
Entry for Bonsai Root graft Procedure   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Root graft Procedure

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GRAFT>GRAFT>ROOT GRAFT - In BONSAI>BONSAI>BONSAI this approach is most often used to improve the structure of the NEBARI. The technique is the saME as for CLEFT GRAFTING but, in this case, the SCION is a section of root which is grafted onto the required position within the nebari. The process is generally carried out in spring.



Root hairs

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Root hairs Tree Parts  Update this bonsai term Root hairs Tree Parts

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ROOT HAIRS - Fine hair-like structures produced at the growing tips of ROOTS through which water and nutrients are absorbed from the soil.



Root hook

 - (Tool)  
Entry for Bonsai Root hook Tool  Update this bonsai term Root hook Tool
bonsai_root_hook_01.jpg image ROOT HOOK - This is used to disentangle and separate ROOTS prior to PRUNING>ROOT PRUNING. It is usually a single MEtal hook with a rounded end, so as not to damage the roots during the operation. However, alternatives include a bent fork, CHOPSTICKS or a piece of wooden dowel with a rounded end.
Thanks to - Green Dragon for use of the image

Root lesion eelworms

 - (Pests and Diseases)  
Entry for Bonsai Root lesion eelworms Pests and Diseases  Update this bonsai term Root lesion eelworms Pests and Diseases

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bonsai dictionary
EELWORMS>ROOT LESION EELWORMS - See entry for : "Eelworms"



Root Pruning

 - (Procedure)  
Entry for Bonsai Root Pruning Procedure   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Root Pruning Procedure
Bonsai-Root-Pruning.jpg image PRUNING>ROOT PRUNING - Pruning of the ROOTS followed by REPOTTING encourages young FEEDER ROOTS to multiply and develop, which in turn leads to a healthier and stronger tree.

Root pruning should generally be carried out in spring to allow maximum tiME for recovery before winter. After the tree is removed from its pot and the roots untangled, the roots should be trimmed on all sides of the root ball (usually by about one third) in order to form a flat, circular pad of roots.


 Bonsai_Root Pruning Procedure Bonsai More
Thanks to - Kenny Middleton for use of the image

Root Rot

 - (Pests and Diseases)  
Entry for Bonsai Root Rot Pests and Diseases  Update this bonsai term Root Rot Pests and Diseases
bonsai_honey_fungus_01.jpg image ROOT ROT - This occurs where too much water or fertilizer is applied, or the wrong soil mix is used, or where ROOTS have dried out then rotted when water is applied. TreatMEnt is to remove all dead root, dip in BENOMYL or Orthocid solution and repot in new soil. Spray rather than water initially, keep out of drying wind and only apply fertilizer once new roots have had chance to form.

See also FUNGUS>HONEY FUNGUS.


Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Rootball

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Rootball Tree Parts  Update this bonsai term Rootball Tree Parts
bonsai_roots_02.jpg image ROOTBALL - The body of ROOTS and soil evident when a tree is taken out of its pot or pulled up from the ground.



Rootgrow

 - (Fertiliser)  
Entry for Bonsai Rootgrow Fertiliser  Update this bonsai term Rootgrow Fertiliser
bonsai_rootgrow_01.jpg image ROOTGROW - The trading naME for a product produced in the UK which contains mycorrhiZAl fungi which live in a symbiotic relationship with plants enabling them to extract nutrients and hold onto water in very difficult soil conditions.
Thanks to - Kaizan for use of the image

Roots

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Roots Tree Parts  Update this bonsai term Roots Tree Parts
bonsai_roots_02.jpg image ROOTS - The first function of roots is structural : to anchor the tree in the ground.

The second function is to gather moisture, together with water borne nutrients and minerals from the soil, through fine FEEDER ROOTS covered in ROOT HAIRS.

The third function of the roots is the winter storage of sugars in the thicker, woody roots. As the soil warms in spring the sugars are released to provide energy for new root and foliage growth.



Rosette (leaf)

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Rosette (leaf) Tree Parts   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Rosette (leaf) Tree Parts
Bonsai-Leaf-Shape.gif image ROSETTE (LEAF) - Leaflets in tight circular rings



Rotate (leaf veins)

 - (Tree Parts)  
Entry for Bonsai Rotate (leaf veins) Tree Parts   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Rotate (leaf veins) Tree Parts
Bonsai-Leaf-Shape.gif image ROTATE (LEAF VEINS) - Veins emanating from the stem where this joins the leaf at its centre rather than its edge (i.e. in peltate LEAVES).


Thanks to - Wikipedia for use of the image

Rowan (Sorbus Aucuparia or Cashmiriana)

 - (Tree Type (Outdoors))  
Entry for Bonsai Rowan (Sorbus Aucuparia or Cashmiriana) Tree Type (Outdoors)   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Rowan (Sorbus Aucuparia or Cashmiriana) Tree Type (Outdoors)
bonsai_rowan_01.JPG image ROWAN (SORBUS AUCUPARIA OR CASHMIRIANA) - Also commonly terMEd "MOUNTAIN ASH" - or "Quickbeam in USA. The "Aucuparia" is the most common VARIETY but others , such as "Cashmiriana" also are less frequently cultivated.

Pale smoothish trunk supports spreading branches from which sprout 6 or 7 pairs of oval, serrated leaflets on the aucuparia and up to 9 pairs on the cashmiriana. The aucuparia bears cream/white FLOWERS in spring/early summer and orange/red berries in late summer/early autumn. The cashmiriana has pink flowers.

STYLE : Most styles except formal upright and broom.

WARNING : Protect from extreme temperatures.


 Bonsai_Rowan (Sorbus Aucuparia or Cashmiriana) Tree Type (Outdoors) Bonsai More
Thanks to - John Goldsmith, Ayr for use of the image

Rust

 - (Pests and Diseases)  
Entry for Bonsai Rust Pests and Diseases  Update this bonsai term Rust Pests and Diseases

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bonsai dictionary
RUST - This appears as slightly raised orange/red spots on the LEAVES of the tree. Affected leaves should be removed and destroyed as soon as possible and the tree sprayed with a zinc based FUNGICIDE.

Ryuga Bonsai Tools

 - (Manufacturer)  
Entry for Bonsai Ryuga Bonsai Tools Manufacturer   WWW Link  Update this bonsai term Ryuga Bonsai Tools Manufacturer
bonsai_ryuga_tools_01.gif image BONSAI>BONSAI>BONSAITOOLS>RYUGA BONSAI TOOLS - RYUGA Bonsai Tools are produced by a subsidiary of YM Group, a very big manufacturing group in China producing premium quality garden tools under OEM for Japan market. And RYUGA is their first new bonsai tools brand being marketed outside Japan. So RYUGA is produced and quality controlled with Japanese standard, but with the benefit of Chinese cost. RYUGA also gives two years quality guarantee of free replaceMEnt for any quality claim on all of its products. RYUGA has exclusive agents in more than 20 countries worldwide.

Contact UK bonsai tools suppliers.





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Ishizuke, Ishitsuki, Ishitzuki
Rock garden style characterised by entire tree planted on a rock but with no soil in the pot. Water or sand ofetn in the base of the pot.



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